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Can someone point me in the direction of an explanation regarding the use of BY= in a stylesheet. I cannot seem to find anything.

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Syntax: How to Identify a Grand Total, Subtotal, or Subtotal Calculation
TYPE=type, [BY=sortfield] [coltype=column]where:

type
Identifies a subtotal or total. Select from:

GRANDTOTAL which is a grand total (generated by COLUMN-TOTAL, SUBTOTAL, SUB-TOTAL, RECOMPUTE, or SUMMARIZE). See Identifying a Grand Total for an example.

SUBTOTAL which is a subtotal (generated by SUBTOTAL, SUB-TOTAL, RECOMPUTE, or SUMMARIZE). See Identifying Subtotals for an example.

RECAP which is a subtotal calculation (generated by ON sortfield RECAP or ON sortfield COMPUTE). See Identifying a Subtotal Calculation (RECAP/COMPUTE) for an example.

BY
If you have request with multiple BY fields, and two or more have subtotal commands associated with them, you can identify each field using the BY identifier. This is helpful when you want to format each subtotal differently or when you want to format only one subtotal.

You only need to include the BY identifier if you have multiple BY fields in your request.

sortfield